Today, with the rapid development of medical technology, automated medical immunoassays are gradually becoming an important pillar in the field of precision medicine. With the rapid development of biotechnology and the increasing clinical needs, traditional immunoassay methods are no longer able to meet the needs for efficient, accurate, and batch testing. Therefore, medical automated immunoassay technology emerged as the times require. It takes automation and intelligence as its core, greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of immunoassays, and provides a powerful tool for early diagnosis of diseases, formulation of personalized treatment plans, and drug research and development. technical support.
1. Medical automated immunoassay methods 1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle: ELISA is an immunoassay method based on a solid-phase carrier. The antigen or antibody is combined with the solid-phase carrier, and then an enzyme-labeled antibody is added. or antigen, forming an antigen-antibody-enzyme complex. After the substrate is added, the enzyme catalyzes the substrate to produce a color reaction, and the color depth is proportional to the content of the antigen or antibody to be tested. Application: Widely used to detect immunoglobulins, cytokines, tumor markers, hormones, etc. in various body fluids. 2. Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) principle: Chemiluminescent immunoassay uses chemiluminescent substances as markers to label antigens or antibodies. After the immune reaction, the luminescent substance reacts with the substrate to generate a light signal, and the intensity of the light signal is proportional to the content of the antigen or antibody to be tested. Features: It has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide linear range, and fast analysis speed. Application: Widely used in the detection of tumor markers, myocardial markers, hormones, drug concentrations, etc. in clinical diagnosis. 3. Fluorescence immunoassay time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA): Using rare earth elements (such as lanthanide elements) with long half-life fluorescence properties as markers, time-resolved technology can reduce background fluorescence interference and improve detection sensitivity. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA): uses fluorescein-labeled antigen to compete with the antigen to be tested for binding to specific antibodies, and reflects the concentration of the antigen to be tested by measuring the degree of fluorescence polarization. 4. Principle of Microparticle Capture Enzyme Immunoassay Technology (MEIA): This technology uses plastic microbeads coated with antibodies as solid phase carriers. After the specimen to be tested binds to the antibodies on the microbeads, enzyme-labeled antibodies are then added to form a complex. . After removing unbound antigen and antibody by washing, a substrate is added to generate a light signal for measurement. Application: Suitable for detecting small molecule substances such as drug concentration, hormones, etc. 5. Principle of immunoturbidimetry: Based on the principle that the complex formed after the antigen-antibody reaction causes turbidity of the reaction solution, the concentration of the antigen to be measured is reflected by measuring the weakening of transmitted light or scattered light. Application: Commonly used for the detection of plasma proteins, acute phase reaction proteins, etc. 6. Other technologies: Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay: Using electrochemiluminescence substances as markers, a redox reaction occurs on the electrode surface to generate a light signal for detection. Biotin-avidin system (BAS): utilizes the high affinity between biotin and avidin to amplify signals and improve detection sensitivity.
2. Medical automated immunoassay process Opentrons' OT-2 automated pipetting platform performs medical automated immunoassay process 1. Experimental preparation Sample preparation: preprocess the sample to be tested (such as blood, urine, tissue fluid, etc.), such as dilution , centrifugation, etc. for subsequent determination. Reagent preparation: According to the specific needs of immunoassay, prepare corresponding antibodies, enzyme-labeled antibodies, substrates and other reagents. Equipment setup: Install and debug the Opentrons OT-2 automated pipetting platform and its related modules (such as magnetic bead purification module, temperature control module, etc.) to ensure that the equipment is in optimal working condition. 2. Automated pipetting and reaction sample loading: Use the automated pipetting arm of the OT-2 platform to accurately add the pretreated sample to the reaction well or microplate. Reagent addition: Also use the automated pipetting arm of the OT-2 platform to add antibodies, enzyme-labeled antibodies and other reagents into the reaction system in sequence to form an antigen-antibody complex. Incubation: Incubate the reaction well or microplate under appropriate temperature conditions to allow the antigen-antibody reaction to fully proceed. 3. Signal detection and data analysis Signal detection: According to the specific principles of immunoassay (such as ELISA, CLIA, etc.), the corresponding substrate or luminescent substance is added to generate a detectable signal (such as color change, light signal, etc.). Signal reading: Read the signal intensity using a device such as a plate reader or spectrometer that is compatible with Opentrons equipment. Data analysis: Convert the read signal intensity into the concentration or content of the substance to be measured, and perform data analysis and result interpretation. 4. Result report and follow-up processing result report: The measurement results are presented to doctors or researchers in the form of reports for clinical judgment or scientific research analysis. Follow-up processing: Carry out corresponding follow-up processing based on the measurement results, such as disease diagnosis, treatment plan formulation, drug research and development, etc.
Opentrons' equipment is highly flexible and scalable for use in automated medical immunoassays. Users can select appropriate modules and reagents according to experimental needs, and implement automated operations by writing or selecting existing programs. In addition, Opentrons' equipment also supports integration with other external equipment, such as automated plate washers, temperature-controlled shakers, etc., to further improve experimental efficiency and accuracy.
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